Letter Of An Accountant Working At A Large Consultancy...

Dear Miss Li We refer to the above matter and your meeting with us on September 8, 2016. The purpose of this letter is to address your main concerns, confirm our understanding of the circumstances, state your rights under legislation, and to outline main options available to you. Please be advised that the information we have provided for you will assist you to make informed choices about which option is likely to go furthest toward satisfying your interests. As we understand the facts you are an accountant working at a large consultancy firm. You had interest in becoming a partner in the firm. The managing partner expressed that the firm has decided to make you a partner upon successful completion of the Master of Business Administration degree. Therefore, you enrolled at a university and completed the course over two years, all at your own expense. However, after successfully completing your degree, and continual progress at work, your name was not on the list of new partners when the firm published its decision. Our advice to you is based on this information. If there is any information missing here, or if we haven’t quite captured your perspective, please advise us. It is important that our understanding is correct. Your rights under Legislation: What makes a legal contract? As you mentioned to us, no contract had been written outlining that you will become a partner at the firm when finished with your studies in Master of Business Administration. Fortunately,Show MoreRelatedSample Letter For An Accountant Working At A Large Consultancy Firm Essay1679 Words   |  7 Pagesthis letter is to address your main concerns, confirm our understanding of the circumstances, state your rights under legislation, and to outline main options available to you. Please be advised that the information we have provided for you will assist you to make informed choices about which option is likely to go furthest toward satisfying your interests. As we understand the facts you are an accountant working at a large consultancy firm. You had interest in becoming a partner in the firm. TheRead MoreAuditors Independence12377 Words   |  50 Pages Internship Report On Auditor’s Independence: A Study on ACNABIN, Chartered Accountants Auditor’s Independence A Study on ACNABIN-Chartered Accountants Firm Table of Content CHAPTERS PARTICULARS PAGES Chapter -1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background 1.3 Scope of the Study 1.4 Objectives of the Study 1.5 Methodology of the Study 1.6 Limitation of the Study Chapter-2 Literature Review 2.1 DEFINITION OF AUDIT 2.2 UnderstandingRead MoreAccounting Attachment Report5336 Words   |  22 Pages Each student, with the help of the internship coordinator had to find a company of their choice in the relevant field of study to work in. A place was to be secured through an application letter accompanied by a copy of a transcript, a letter of acknowledgement of student status from the University. A letter of acceptance would then be sent to the university by the company that agreed to attach a student and the area in which the student will work. Students were expected to work in various sectorsRead MoreComprehensive Review in Accounting19880 Words   |  80 Pagesevents. c. Auditing evaluates assertions regarding evidence. d. Auditing subjectively obtains and evaluates evidence. 3. Which of the following is not an output of an independent audit engagement? a. Management letter. b. Audit report. c. Engagement letter. d. Audited financial statements. 4. The best description of the auditor’s responsibility with respect to audited financial statement is: a. The auditor s responsibility on fair presentation of financial statementsRead MoreThe Accounting Profession and Nat39077 Words   |  157 PagesAbimaje Akpa, Ph.D, FCNA Prof. B. C. Osisioma, Ph.D, FCNA Prof. Edet B. Akpakpan, Ph.D, FCNA, Prof. A. C. Ezejulue, Ph.D, FCNA Prof. A. S. Mikailu, Ph.D, FNIA Chairman, Education, Training, Research and Technical Committee, ANAN Chief V. C. Azie Accountant-General of the Federation Auditor-General of the Federation Registrar, ANAN Chairman, Fed. Inland Revenue Service Director of Research, National Universities Commission Treasurer, ANAN - Business Manager Prof. M. A. Mainoma, Ph.D, FCNA Mr. C. BRead MoreFDPP 1226 Denise Brown2746 Words   |  11 Pagesrequirements, design and distribution of payroll reports and the application of quality standards to the payroll function. This will be based within the payroll team within EC Harris. â€Å"EC Harris is the leading global natural and built asset design and consultancy firm, helping c lients make the most of their investment and expenditure in built assets† (E C Harris LLP, 2014). The payroll team is based within the financial processing team, the payroll team comprises of two payroll specialists, a senior payrollRead MoreProfessional Misconduct58343 Words   |  234 Pageshimself in practice of accountancy, or (ii) Offers to perform audit related services or holds himself out to the public as an accountant, or (iii) Renders professional service or assistance in Matters of accountant interest etc., or, (iv) Renders such other services which as per opinion of the council, to be rendered by C.A. in practice. (Mgt. consultancy service) Explanation : (1) C.A. who is salaried employer of C.A. in practice shall be deemed to be in practice for limitedRead MoreSucess Factors in Merger and Acquisition38351 Words   |  154 PagesMaster thesis Autumn semester 2007 Supervisor: Professor Tomas Blomquist Authors: Hoang, Thuy Vu Nga Lapumnuaypon, Kamolrat Critical Success Factors in Merger Acquisition Projects A study from the perspectives of advisory firms ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, we are grateful to our supervisor, Professor Tomas Blomquist, for his guidance and recommendations throughout the process of writing our thesis. His support is of vital importance to the successful completion of this thesis. We alsoRead MoreIpms Project Management21640 Words   |  87 PagesDeployment of Project Management Application and Management Information System For Public Works Department Uttarakhand AT MBA-IB (2006-2008) Roll No. : A1802006276 (E25) SUBMITTED BY: SACHIN GUPTA Mr. Satish K. Tiwari Project Leader, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Lucknow. INDUSTRY GUIDE: FACULTY GUIDE: Prof. Ravi Prakash Assistant Professor, AIBS, Amity University, NOIDA. AMITY UNIVERSITY – UTTAR PRADESH AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, NOIDA TABLE OF CONTENTS Read MoreEngineering Ethics in Practice: a Guide for Engineers18096 Words   |  73 Pagesconstitutes the next step. The case studies and discussions below are intended as a resource for engineers who are working in demanding roles, and making important decisions based on a very wide range of diï ¬â‚¬erent kinds of information. The intention is not to present ethics as an additional demand that also needs to be taken into account, adding to what is already a very complex and demanding working environment. Instead, the aim of the guide is to show that ethical considerations are already built into the

Essay on Consumerism in a Sexual Economy - 1196 Words

Have you ever flicked through a magazine nonchalantly and been stopped flat by some image that you just couldn’t pull your eyes away from? If so then the advertisement did its job, and may even be worth the chunk of change it cost to produce. The people of the United States have seen and heard about countless products for so many years, and that has brought about a problem for the corporations putting the ads out. With so many ads pushing into the heads of the American public, there has been desensitization and a growing accustomed to all the advertisements. If the consumer does not pay attention to the ad then the company has wasted money on an unsuccessful tactic to secure more business. This problem is a large driving force behind†¦show more content†¦The white underwear on his tanned body draws the viewer’s attention toward the product, but this is all accentuated by the giant erect (pardon the pun) statue and blue sky in the background. The picture w as taken looking up towards the model which places him on a pedestal of superiority, and while this is all going on the bold faced â€Å"Calvin Klein Underwear† is right below. This first ad was a radical change in the way underwear was advertised in the early eighties, however if this ad were put into a magazine today the public wouldn’t be surprised by its sexual nature. This is the problem mentioned earlier that advertisers have temporarily fixed by creating ever more shocking and sexual ads. As time progressed through the eighties into the nineties, Calvin Klein ads continued to become more extreme in order to keep grabbing attention of the consumer. This ad titled Bed is another of Klein’s sexually charged shockers. This ad dà ©buted in 1991 in various magazines and other printed media. This advertisement is absolutely loaded with sexuality, promiscuity, and meaning. The viewer of the ad is first confronted by the homosexuality that should be quite obvious. In the nineties and still somewhat today, male homosexuality has been taboo. This makes the ad uncomfortable for many viewers but at the same time does its job to draw attention. The two men in the image have longer hair and aren’t extremely muscular,Show MoreRelatedConsumerism And Consumerism854 Words   |  4 Pagesstatus in society. All of this exemplifies consumerism. According to Merriam Webster, consumerism is defined as â€Å"the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically desirable; also : a preoccupation with and inclination toward the buying of consumer goods.† It has persuaded American society into believing that more is better, which has corrupted and distorted the economic culture of America. Since the Industrial Revolution, America’s economy has been highly reliant upon heavy industryRead MorePlayboy : The Cultural Impact Of Playboy1430 Words   |  6 Pageshigh of 5.6 million to 800,000 copies today. Despite the decline of America’s foremost men’s magazine, the cultural impact of Playboy is extensive. Best known for nude pictorials, Playboy created an idealization of straight masculinity, through consumerism, that hoped to change American views on feminism, monogamy and romance. Let’s examine how. The forerunner to Playboy was Esquire. Launched in 1933, Esquire made stylish consumption its forte. Ironically, in the midst of the Great Depression, itsRead MoreA Social Examination On The Cold War969 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of sexual satisfaction, explained in her later chapters, explains that society viewed marriages with stable sexual activity caused for increase security against the threat of communism. It concludes that men that were sexually fulfilled were not likely to be swayed by temptation of â€Å"loose women,† homosexuality and further communism. Elaine Tyler May describes how the postwar and depression era needed stable family life in order to have a stable country. A strong domestic economy, nationalRead MoreFight Club Movie Analysis Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesgeneration. It shows our generation as lacking spirit and recognized by consumerism. The economic element plays a huge role in this film. The director is trying to prove that society cannot survive without material possessions. We are built on consumerism. The more possessions a person owns, the greater the economy is. The movie shows that consumers are attached to material possessions and that materialism and consumerism go hand in hand. Society has adopted the values that possessions are theRead MorePositive And Negative Aspects Of Advertising1695 Words   |  7 Pageshave investigated certain technological benefits associated with advertising that improve effectiveness, and how advertising benefits consumers. On the contrary, I have evaluated some of the associated ethical issues, the promotion of unnecessary consumerism, psychological effects on learning, how younger generations are becoming less receptive, and the adverse affects on society as a whole. Regardless of the conflicting viewpoints it is best to be knowledgeable about the positive and negatives ofRead MoreHow Do Power And Culture Shape Gender? Brazil?1193 Words   |  5 PagesHigher labor demands and a rise in consumerism challenged pre-established gender norms of the 19th century, and pushed Brazilian society towards more efficient and modern gender expectations (Besse 18). Eugenics sentence Feeding off the fear of the collapse of the institution of marriage, Brazilian intellectuals and politicians advocated for the formation of an educational structure that would preserve the value of marriage and continue the rise of the Brazilian economy (Besse 111). Faced with theseRead MoreThe Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1054 Words   |  4 Pagesthey refuse people from forming a close relationship with one partner. Emotions are portrayed to show weakness. The idea of forming relationships and families in the World State is found to be outrageous and immoral in order to keep the notion of consumerism moving and achieve economic prosperity. While the government of the World State disallows its people from being in close relationships, some of the people are in a monogamous without realizing it. For example, Lenina, without awareness of her actionsRead MoreThe Beat Movement1122 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic boom of the mid-1950s nourished American idealism, a new generation began to question the dominant materialism of American society. Although the Beat generation began on paper, through the artistry of poets addressing the issues of capitalism, sexual identity, and the human condition, the bohemian ideals trended throughout America and consequently had a[ permanent impact on American culture.] Several nonconformist American writers of the 1950s gave birth to the Beat Generation through their experimentalRead MoreThe Great Gatsby1327 Words   |  6 Pagespicture of 1920s American society. One only need walk a short distance from any urban household to at least catch a glimpse of an advertisement, whether it be on a billboard or the side of a bus. These advertisements represent the materialism and consumerism now ubiquitous in the 21st Century. Indeed, 1920s America saw the first adverts for consumer goods and therefore the materialistic society portrayed by Fitzgerald in The Great Gatsby has some relevance for modern readers. To encourage consumersRead MorePolitics And Popular Culture During The 1960s1279 Words   |  6 Pagesto challenge authority and tradition, as the people were vibing with attitude and vivid thoughts. This newly found confidence was introduce with the electron of Ronald Reagan, generating both social and economic change. Reagan’s restoration of the economy gave the people a sense of relief, allowing them to avail a life of extravagance and prosperity. As a result, pop culture conquered the scene. Politics and popular culture had a great i nfluence on one another throughout the decade. Since the president

Privacy on Social Networks Free Essays

Network Sites (SNS) are websites that allow users to upload information to a public profile, create a list of online friends, and browse the profiles of other users of the SNS. The websites have membership rules and community standards. Users disclose identity-relevant information via their profile to others. We will write a custom essay sample on Privacy on Social Networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now This information is referential, directly referring to a person, or attributive, describing attributes to the data subject. Although most laws and regulations restrict the access to referential information, attributive information is not protected as such. However, the aggregation of large amounts of attributive information on SNS profiles poses new privacy risks, disclose identity-relevant information via their profile to others. Also, the privacy options in social networking sites do not work out in the way they are supposed to do. Keep your private life private! What does social network do? In real life, you have a circle of your friends. But what about their friends? And the friends of the friends of your friends? You can get to know people from literally any part of the world. That means you are sharing information with them. And that also means you are sharing a lot of information that you don’t want to share! Information spreads faster through a Social Network Site than through a real? life network. Information might be disclosed to a group of people unexpectedly, because the digital information is easily copied, can be stored indefinitely and is searchable. It especially harms users when information travels through different social spheres, and ends up with people whom it was not intended for. People have been fired, missed out on job interviews and academic opportunities, and been suspended from school for instant messages, wall posts and other messages they mistakenly thought were like private real world conversations with friends. Do not post anything in social networks that you won’t want to shout out in public. You can send private emails for that, but NEVER social networks. Social network is a place where you never know whom you are sharing private information with unless you yourself created the network! So be careful, stay safe! Applications and external links on social networking sites Have you ever used the ‘applications’ of facebook, myspace or any other social networking sites? Did you read the policies of that site about those applications? In most cases, the games or applications owners have access to almost all of your information that you provided in your social networking account. Moreover, they may also use them for commercial purposes. Some of these applications may offer you to participate in a survey to earn ‘credits’ or virtual ‘money’. You might, for example, earn some quick Farmville cash by answering a brief survey. Sounds a lot better than using your credit card, right? But you’re probably safer breaking out your wallet. TechCruch cites one instance in which players could win currency if they filled out such a survey. At the end of the survey, they would be asked to provide their phone number so that they can receive a PIN via text to get the results. Once they’ve entered that PIN into the site, they’re subscribed to a horoscope service for $9. 99 per month–something they won’t know unless they diligently read all the fine print. Ouch. The victims could immediately try to cancel the subscription, of course, but they could still end up being charged. Unwanted charges aren’t the only thing players are susceptible to: Social networking games make you a target for viruses and hackers as well. You will find a couple of threads in Zynga’s community forums in which moderators warn users against accepting any gifts or invitations within a certain game on Facebook. (They didn’t specify exactly what would happen if users accepted these buggy gifts or requests! ) Sometimes users also claim that a bug in the game wiped out all of their game progress. That can be pretty devastating for someone who has dedicated lots of time and money to it. Laws to minimize privacy threats Not all threats for privacy in Social Network Sites materialize and damage users in the same way. A risk analysis approach is needed to incorporate these insecurities into the analysis. The experts identified multiple threats for users of Social Network Sites. When these threats materialize, they become incidents that affect a certain amount of people. However, not all of these incidents damage users in the same way. The damage incurred depends on the type of threat and the perception of the user. Laws are directed at preventing the threats from materializing. More specifically, American tort laws create means for people to find compensations against the damages they incurred. Experts rate to what extent the tort laws address the threats for privacy and resulting damages they identified. The ratings of the various tort laws are depicted in illustration below. In 1986, Congress passed the Stored Communications Act as part of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act to address privacy issues attendant to the advent of the internet. Through the SCA, Congress intended to restrict disclosure of private communications by providers of electronic communications services. However, when Congress passed the SCA, the internet was in its infancy. The few networks available to consumers, such as Prodigy and America Online, were self-contained, and most people had never heard of the term e-mail, let alone utilized the limited form of electronic messaging that existed at the time. The World Wide Web did not yet exist, and it would be nearly a decade before the introduction of the web browser in the mid-1990s. Do you think the social networking sites abide by laws? Just because they are popular and big-game websites, doesn’t mean their policies are always convenient for you. The Privacy Policies of popular social networking sites were found contradictory to the Canadian privacy law. In July 2009, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada issued a report on an in-depth investigation triggered by a complaint from the Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic. Third-party application developers Deactivation of accounts Personal information of non-users Accounts of deceased users Uses of user information Facebook did agree to change their privacy policies to avoid being banned or may be sued by Canadian government. But did that really make any difference? The Privacy Commissioner herself expressed dissatisfaction with the result. â€Å"While Facebook took some steps to resolve privacy concerns, the Commissioner remained dissatisfied by Facebook’s response at the end of the investigation. She was particularly concerned about the risks posed by the over-sharing of personal information with third-party developers of Facebook applications such as games and quizzes. † [Source: News release from Privacy Commission of Canada; Ottawa, August 27, 2009: ‘Facebook agrees to address Privacy Commissioner’s concerns’] As having access to other people’s private information is getting easier, laws can do a very little to protect us. We, ourselves have to be aware of where our information is going and who can have access to it. How to cite Privacy on Social Networks, Essay examples

Consequence of Miscalculation

Question: Discuss about the Consequence of Miscalculation. Answer: WW1s Lasting Impact on Human Society The First World War had has a global lasting effect on the human society. It was a consequence of miscalculation, misunderstanding as well as miscommunication. It could have been forestalled at any point throughout the five weeks leading up to the fighting outburst. A latest list of the 100 leading significant news stories of the 20th century ranked WW1s onset eighth. However, this is a great error in my view. This perspective is due to the fact that just about all that occurred in the remainder of the 20th century did so in one way or another due to the First World War. World War 1 accounts for the Russias Bolshevik Revolution, Second World War, the Holocaust as well as the atomic bomb development. It is also possible to trace back, at least, indirectly, the collapse of European colonialism, the Cold War and the Great Depression to the World War One (Gregory, 2008). This paper, therefore, contends that WW1s effects have a permanent impact on human society. The First World War killed many persons. Over nine million soldiers, flyers, and sailors succumbed to WW1. It further killed another five million civilians died involving 28 countries. The 4 years of war killed a million of troops drawn from British Empire. It killed 1.5 million troops drawn from the Hapsburg Empire. A further 1.7 million Russian besides 2 million troops from German succumbed (Gregory, 2008). Accordingly, the First World War left behind a legacy of resentment that ignited the Second World War 21 years well ahead. The First World War also costed $186 billion in direct costs besides another $151 billion in indirect costs than any other past war in history. World War became the first war to utilize airplanes, long range artillery, tanks, submarines as well as poison gas. The WW1 left seven million men disabled permanently (Kennedy, 2004). The First World War probably had severe far-fetched consequences compared to any other previous war. The WW1 politically led to the collapse of monarchies in various countries. The Russian monarchial downfall occurred in 1917 while that of Germany and Austria-Hungary took place in 1917 (Gregory, 2008). The Turkish monarchial collapsed occurred in 1922. WW1 further culminated in the emergence of Bolshevik to power in Russia in 1917 alongside the 1922s Italys triumph of fascism. The colonial revolts in the Middle East as well as Southeast Asia were both ignited by WW1. The First World War economically had severe disruptions to the European economies. It permitted the US to become the global leading industrial power and creditor. The WW1 brought about the large social consequences currently witnessed (Kennedy, 2004). It led to the mass murder of Americans in Turkey. It also led to the influenza epidemic which led to demise of twenty-five million persons globally. The utter future unpredictability have been revealed by few events. At the beginning of the 20th century, a great number of Europeans looked onward to a forthcoming of prosperity and peace. Europe had never battled a major war for a hundred years. Nevertheless, a belief in the progress of human became shattered by the First World War that was anticipated and wanted by a few. The WW1 established several new nation-states and promoted independence European colonies movements. It directly resulted in Soviet Communism besides Hitlers rise. The promises and diplomatic alliances established during the WW1, particularly in the Middle East resurfaced to haunt Europeans in the subsequent century (Kennedy, 2004). The WW1 left behind an exhausted and devastated Europe. Nevertheless, WW1 was a culmination of a sharing-sovereignty-based political system in Europe that resulted in several benefits to the people of Europe. The European Union is a product of WW1. The essential infrastructure provided by EU to address the German Question circumventing the role played by a major and powerful state in Europe. The amount of advances or development in technology, science as well as medicine is uncontestably saves to WW1 (Kennedy, 2004). The contemporary surgery is a product of WW1 whereby both military and civil hospitals served as experimental medicinal treatment theaters. The modern blood banks development followed the innovation in 1914 that the blood could be barred from clotting. The modern study of emotional rather than physical stress of war by doctors also resulted from WW1. Job reorganization occurred as women were compelled to do jobs previously preserved for males (Gregory, 2008). The women became independent after being forced into factories and hence a boost to demand for emancipation of women. Also, the revolutionary alterations in social behavior have taken place due to WW1. References Gregory, A. (2008). The last great war: British society and the First World War. Cambridge University Press. Kennedy, D. M. (2004). Over here: The First World War and American society. Oxford University Press.

Distribution Essays - International Trade, Export,

Distribution Indirect Exporting An Indirect Exporter is when a firm's product is sold in foreign markets with no special activity for this purpose occurs within the firm. Others carry a firm's product overseas. Although exporting this way can open up new markets quickly a firm will have limited control over distribution of its product. A firm likes to have a buyer; thus products are sold in a domestic market then resold overseas in different ways. -Foreign wholesale and retail organisations that have purchasing agents in a firm's home country may find the firm's product good for their market. -Manufacturers and firms have U.S. offices obtain equipment and supplies to their foreign operations. Companies have an advantage by selling to the U.S. firms because they are using export routes already supplying their domestic operations via the U.S. -With multinational operations buy equipment and supplies for them through their regular domestic purchasing. Equipment is shipped and installed in foreign plant. Foreign producers take note of the equipment. Then orders for the equipment will follow. Thus, an active exporting involvement by the supplying firm. This has befitted the supplying firm with a free introduction to the foreign market. International trading companies are very important for some markets. Some of these companies handle the majority of the imports into the country. The size and market coverage of these trading companies makes them excellent distributors, especially with their credit reliability. They cover their markets and provide service for the products they sell. Using these trading companies has negative factors. These companies have a tendency to carry competing products and the latest product may not receive the attention its producers desired. The sales from these kinds of indirect exporting are as good as domestic sales and, show that they are less stable. Since being so far from the main market a firm has little control. Even though new sales is helpful the disadvantage of not having more control of foreign sales a company may look for a more suitable arrangements in the long-run. Export Management Companies (EMC) Some companies work with an export management to have increased control over its product. There are some advantages of using an export management company: -The manufacture receives instant foreign market knowledge and contacts via the operations and the experience of the EMC. -The manufacture saves the cost of developing the in-house expertise in exporting. An EMC cost is spread over the sales of several manufacturers. -EMC offer clients consolidated shipments for savings. -Lines of complementary products can better foreign representation than the products of just one manufacturing. Also, EMC's accept foreign credit responsibility. There are also some disadvantages to using an EMC: -Some EMC's handled too many lines to give the proper attention to a new exporter. -Many tend to be market specialist rather than product specialist, thus product expertise is weak. -Some EMC's coverage is only regional rather than global. Export trading companies (ETC) A ETC acts as the export arm of a number of manufactures. ETC's allow U.S. companies or banks to form a trading company with the size, resources, sophistication, and international network comparable to the Japanese companies. Unfortunately U.S ETC's have not really worked out. Most of them are small or they have failed. Piggyback Exporting One manufacture uses it overseas distribution to sell other companies' product with their own. One party is called the carrier; the carrier is the firm that does the exporting. With the export of the new non-competitive product may help ease the cost of exporting. Piggybacking can be attractive because a company can fill up its exporting capacity or fill out their product line. Also, piggybacking can help in a lost cost way for the carrier to export and save on investment in R&D, production facilities, and market testing for a new product. There are also some negatives, quality control and warranty. The rider may not maintain the quality of the products sold by the other company. Concerns of supply, a carrier can develop a large market abroad, the rider firm may favor its own marketing needs it tight demand conditions. The party called the rider has a great advantage. By using another company a company can get its product to foreign markets. This offers the riders and established exp ort and distribution facilities and shared expenses, and benefits close to an EMC and a

How To Reduce Your Website’s Bounce Rate In One Step

How To Reduce Your Website’s Bounce Rate In One Step You’ve arrived, but feel lost. Or confused. Youre being bombarded with stimuli. Or too many choices. You’re unsure what to do next. I know exactly what you’re going to do next. You’re going to leave. You’re off in search of a place where you feel comfortable, confident, more â€Å"at home.† Now here’s the rub. You actually were at someone’s home- their home on the web- their home page, but something went terribly wrong. The problem’s simple enough. The home page isn’t simple enough. The host made you work. As a website visitor, you don’t want that. And as a website host, your goal must be to invoke a sense of belonging. The Number One Way to Reduce Your Website’s Bounce Rate #Marketing by @feldmancreativeThe goal of a home page is to get the visitor to click Bounce rate, which is revealed in your analytics, indicates the percentage of web site visits where only a single page was viewed. Translation: zero clicks. For a blog site, you need not get overly concerned about bounce rate. One-and-done visits are common. However, those that enter your site via its home page are likely to be first-timers. In this case, a high bounce rate is deadly. So how do you inspire a visitor to click a page deeper into your site? You interest them. And how do you interest your visitor? You communicate an idea that is easy to understand and memorable. Marketers often describe such ideas as â€Å"sticky.† Made to Stick, the bestselling book by Chip and Dan Heath, spells out the formula with six principles. The first, and perhaps, most vital, is simplicity. I’ll paraphrase from the book where they ask and answer the question, â€Å"How do you find the essential core of your ideas?† They submit you must be a master of exclusion. You must relentlessly prioritize. The book’s chapter on simplicity also offers the following: It’s hard to make ideas stick in a noisy environment You must weed out ideas, even if they’re important, in an effort to highlight the most important one Uncertainty- caused by multiple choices- tends to paralyze readers Powerful ideas are compact and meaningful Is your homepage simple? Does it elicit the response you want from visitors? If it’s not clear and compact, it’s time to review and revise it. It’s time to simplify. What’s in it for me? If you’ve studied copywriting even a wee bit, you’re likely to have read the â€Å"WIIFM† lesson. A common derivative of it goes: readers don’t care about your company or product; they care about themselves. I want to say you get the idea. I want to say everybody does. But they don’t. In fact, I don’t think it’d be outrageous to say a painfully large majority can’t (and maybe never will) comprehend the concept. And it’s a pity because when you shine the spotlight on yourself, you lose business. Your headline has a job to do While your typical web-browsing human is obviously not a goldfish, researchers like to explain his or her average attention span falls short of the little orange pucker’s. This means your job is to create a page, which is capable of expanding the average attention span. You need to grab ‘em fast. This is the headline’s job. The headline on your home page is the first line the visitor reads and therefore the most important line on your entire website.

Flight Operations Quality Assurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Flight Operations Quality Assurance - Essay Example He further said that the collection and availability of the data is of little use unless the problems, which were previously identified, are corrected. It is his recommendation that questions should be understood and answered by acting upon it accordingly. describes the activity tracking methodology of the CATS or Crew Activity Tracking System. CATS immediately identifies the error on commission and omission that leads to deviation. It is also useful in detecting procedural deviations that were not detected before. Moreover, CATS performance. CATS improve safety measures by using FOQA flight data to improve feedback. Should CATS have access to data regarding aircraft state, clearance constraints and pilot actions it could determine nuances in detail for efficient data analysis. immediate maintenance rather than performing maintenance at a schedule time interval. So, if an aircraft part needs to be changed after a flight then it must be done as soon as possible and does not need to wait for the part to be changed within the following week for its supposed regular schedule for maintenance check-up. This study by Stolzer (2002) recommends the use of a FOQA data-driven fuel consumption model to be use to find out why an aircraft uses a higher quantity of fuel than the actual amount prescribed by the air craft manufacturer. Since fuel is one of the major expenses of an airline company, it is imperative to consider whether the more than normal fuel consumption of fuel could be attributed to airframe or engine abnormalities. Whatever good results derived from the FOQA data-driven fuel consumption model to improve the safety of air travel must be incorporated within the overall quality system. According to Stolzers (2002) previous volume of this study, abnormal fuel consumption should be critically analyzed and data must be preserved within the ongoing quality assurance program of the air carrier. In this

Social Media on the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Media on the Internet - Essay Example One of the most notable features of social media is that it has grown exponentially across the world within a very short duration compared to other business and communication tools in human history. To illustrate this phenomenon, Lee (2010) points out that while it took 13 years for television to attract over 50 million viewers and 38 years for radio to attract about 50 million listeners, it took 4 years only for internet to attract 50 million participants. He further points out that it took social media platform, Facebook, one and a half years to attract the same number of participants. There has been raging debate on whether the availability and use of social media on the internet is useful to businesses in regard to providing them with new and different useful information. This paper will discuss how the availability and use of social media on the internet really provide businesses with new and different useful information. Historically, technology has been injected and adopted in to the society as well as the business world and it has often required that there be a radical shift in business and cultural processes and practices (Lincoln, 2009). Social media is one such kind of technology in the business world. Unlike other types of technologies, social media technology greatly reflects the social behavior of people. Social media is also unique in the sense that it allows anybody to produce media content and deliver it by interactive communication. Qualman (2010) notes that the available statistics show that social media has established itself as the media of choice around the world over the last 4 years, with over a quarter of the world population using one type of social media or another. The growth of social media has been so tremendous such that social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter have grown rapidly and have gradually relegated other forms of advertising such as print advertisements, and threatened them with extinction (Nair, 2011 ). The popularity of the use of social media on the internet can be attributed to four reasons. To start with, users can get the latest information on virtually anything they want. Secondly, it satisfies the desires of the users of expressing themselves. Users are also able to see how individuals and groups that they are interested in are doing therefore getting more satisfaction. Finally, it helps people to escape from their day-to-day routine by providing alternative ways of using time (Lee, 2010). The fact that social media has experienced exponential growth over the years cannot be disputed. However, there has been debate on whether the availability and use of social media on the internet really provides businesses with new and different useful information. The response to this question has been two-fold: on one side, there are those who believe that it does provide businesses with new and different useful information, while on the other side there are those who believe that it does not (Nair, 2011). While the later side has its reasons for taking that position, there is a greater consensus among those engaged in this debate that, indeed, the availability and use of social media on the internet provides businesses with new and different useful information (Hinchcliffe et al., 2012). So, how does the use of social

P&G Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

P&G - Essay Example It is equally important, if not more so, that innovation is cost-effective, aligned with consumer demands and addresses a perceived gap in the market. In other words, not only is the strategy for corporate survival continued product development and innovation, but the cost-effective development of innovative products which market research indicates will attract the consumer market. Proctor and Gamble has resolved the seemingly complex equation of cost-effective continued product development and equation through its "connect and develop" strategy. Indeed, P&G's approach to product development and innovation has the potential to serve as a critically valuable lesson to corporations across the world. The hurdles to new product development are cost and innovation. As Huston and Sakkab (2006, p. 60) write, "Most companies are still clinging to what we call the invention model, centered on a bricks-and-mortar R&D infrastructure and the idea that their innovation must principally reside within their own four walls." Confining product development to the company and to individuals working in the company often means that development will be a costly and time-consuming process. The reason, as Huston and Sakkab (2006) illustrate through reference to a case study, is that when a company begins the R&D process with an idea for a new product or an innovation to an existing product, it may not have the technology to translate the idea into a reality. The company's in-house Research and Development team will then have to experiment with several technologies to bring the idea to life and, of course, may and may not succeed. Even if they succeed, success comes at high financial cost. Furthermor e, as Brown and Eisenhardt (1995) argue, because the process is often a length one, there is always the risk that a competitor may beat them to the market with the technology and product. In this case, the return on the new product research and development investment may not be realized. Hence, a financial risk factor enters into the equation. Proctor and Gamble stumbled across a high radical approach for new product development and innovation when it found itself confronting numerous technological obstacles to the manufacturing of their innovative Pringle line of imprinted chips. Initially relying on in-house talent for the development of the required technology, Proctor and Gamble soon found the process excessively costly, unrealistic and unfeasible in terms of implementation. It was at this point that P&G decided to look outside its walls for a solution and, with that in mind, developed and circulated a technology brief which outlined the problem. The response was positive and the company was approach by a baker in Italy who had already developed the technology in question. Proctor and gamble obtained the rights to the use of the technology, developed it to suit their specific needs and were, as a result, able to successfully produce their new line of Pringle chips at a fraction of the cost they would have otherwise run into. Huston and Sakkab (2006) concede to the fact that the approach adopted by Procter and Gamble is a radical one. As new product development, inclusive of research and development, often functions as a firm's competitive edge, corporations generally tend to prefer to keep all research, development and product

Terror Management Account of Conspicuous Consumption

Terror Management Account of Conspicuous Consumption Abstract The motivation behind this part is to clarify the mental underpinnings of the obvious utilization from the viewpoint of dread administration hypothesis. Our fundamental proposal is that prominent utilization is an immediate consequence of the extraordinary human consciousness of mortality and the quest for self-esteem and passing amazing quality that this mindfulness causes. In spite of the fact that it is anything but difficult to study contemporary American cases of avarice and indulgence, given the long and broad mankinds history of unwarranted utilization, we cant credit it to the impact of present-day private enterprise or corporate culture; rather, it is a result of essential all inclusive needs. Without a doubt, we contend that if contemporary people are all the more extremely inefficient, it is fundamentally as a result of present day innovation instead of due to any new social or mental improvements. We exhibit authentic and observational confirmation in support of our dread administration clarification of consumerism. At last, we consider what may be done to encourage life-maintaining utilization, stripped of the harmful, psychopathological craving for endless measures of pointless stuff that undermines human bliss and debilitates the very presence of the human species by contaminating and exhausting the regular assets whereupon our survival, at last, depends on. A TERROR MANAGEMENT ACCOUNT OF CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION Modern man is drinking and drugging himself out of awareness, or he spends his time shopping, which is the same thing †¢ Ernest Becker, The Denial of Death Authors main claim? The Authors main claim is that the human awareness of death and the potentially overwhelming existential anxiety, it engenders motivates people to imbue life with meaning and derive self-esteem from cultural beliefs about the nature of reality. That concern about mortality play a pervasive role in human affairs, and suggests that people construct cultural worldviews in order to manage the terror engendered by the human awareness of death. What are the reasons the author gives for his/her main claim? 1. The virtues of materialistic consumption are deeply woven into the very fabric of human culture. 2. The human desire for money and materials indicates that rationality is not the sole factor that drives consumption behavior. What evidence does the author give for each claim you identified above? Evidence might include examples, statistical data, interview responses, or theoretical application. Evidence 1 : Business communities worried, because of the magnitude and impact of the terror attack on sep 11, that the incident would initiate a recession in the United States.Americans bought homes and cars in record quantities. They also snapped up appliances, furniture, and electronic gadgets. From October through December, consumption soared at 6% annual rate.Although exercising ones credit cards in the wake of these catastrophic reminders of vulnerability and mortality may in some ways seem surprising, such behavior follows predictably from the perspective of terror management theory. Evidence 2 : Spending eternity in a heavenly afterlife is a quaint and attractive prospect (e.g., Islamic Jihads Sheik Abdulla Shamnis 1995 [reported by Abu-Nasr, 1995, p. 1A] descrip ­tion of heaven as a world of castles, flowing rivers, and lush fields where the blessed can eat the most delicious food, the most luscious fruits and the tenderest cuts of meat), but ultimately intangible and empirically uncertain, whereas large piles of gold, enormous mounds of possessions, and lavish con ­sumption is ineluctably real and symbolically indicative of immortal power. The notion that the urge to splurge is fundamentally a defensive death denial above and beyond the quite legitimate pursuit of material comfort and aes ­thetic pleasure is supported by both the historical record and contemporary empirical research. Evidence 3: Roheim (1934) found that the primary motive for acquiring money and possessions in virtually all known tribal cultures is ulti ¬mately symbolic and ceremonial, in the service of gaining and maintaining prestige, and has little to do with money as a rational medium of exchange of goods and services. Do you agree with the author? Why or why not? Explain in 4-6 sentences. Yes, I agree with the author because in this world human behavior is directly or indirectly related to consumption ,yet our consumption behavior is not based solely on our physical survival needs despite it takes lot of time and effort to make money to be extravagant and lavish and you hardly find any time to think of death and practice measures to deny it. References Solomon, S., Greenberg, J. Pyszczynski, T.A. (2003). Lethal consumption: Death-denying materialism http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811019999 https://www.scribd.com/document/197728014/LETHAL-CONSUMPTION-DEATH-DENYING-MATERIALISM https://bradleyallsop2.wordpress.com/2015/01/22/death-denying-our-defining-feature/

Philosophical Foundation of Ecological Ethics :: Ecology Ecological Philosophy Papers

Philosophical Foundation of Ecological Ethics ABSTRACT: Principles of Buddhist philosophy central to the formation of an ecological paradigm of mentality include a dynamic vision of the world, a system of relative truth apart from dogmas, a moral foundation for scientific knowledge, an emphasis on nonviolence and the absence of repressive scientific methods, and the progressive movement of the intellect to Universal Consciousness which postulates the unity of microcosm and macrocosm. The comparative analysis of laws and principles of modern ecological science and basic Buddhist thought points to their common intentional direction. Buddhist philosophy declares the creative participation of humankind in the united world synergistic process and forms to be the foundation of an altruistically marked ecological ethics. Entirety and interdependence of onthological reality Global scales of crisis which destroyed our planet requires the united measures and efforts of East and West in formation of ecological ethics. " East and West — two parts of mankind’s consciousness. If a man realizes it he can become a perfect human being. And only after that he can solve those global problems of surviving, which mankind is facing now. (A. Govinda) The fundamental idea of all Buddhist philosophy is the inseparable unity of subject and object, man and nature, substance and mind. The Buddhists consider world and man as a dynamic psychophysical entirety. It’s character and direction which is called stream (santana) that makes a principle of absolute change (anytyata). Anityata is of a deep ecological importance. It raises a problem of uneternity of psychocosm’s spheres and admage of its being destroyed. According to Buddhist religious doctrine the category " anitya " must occupy a certain position in each analysis. Speaking of a statement it is important to take into consideration its change and movable character. Only stable and permanent efforts of all living beings make this world better and without this direction for making kindness our world can become worse and suffering permanent characteristics of sansara can acquire rude and vulgar forms. Besides simple constatation of change anityata says about non-reversibility of former conditions. It’s impossible to reverse one’s life. It’s impossible to return of the history of a country back as well as impossible to make the planet evolution come to beginning. The principle of emptyness ( shunyata ). Buddhism denyes the inherent existence of things and phenomena. If you take away the reasons and conditions of existense of something then it will disappear itself because it doesn’t have inherent existence. Philosophical Foundation of Ecological Ethics :: Ecology Ecological Philosophy Papers Philosophical Foundation of Ecological Ethics ABSTRACT: Principles of Buddhist philosophy central to the formation of an ecological paradigm of mentality include a dynamic vision of the world, a system of relative truth apart from dogmas, a moral foundation for scientific knowledge, an emphasis on nonviolence and the absence of repressive scientific methods, and the progressive movement of the intellect to Universal Consciousness which postulates the unity of microcosm and macrocosm. The comparative analysis of laws and principles of modern ecological science and basic Buddhist thought points to their common intentional direction. Buddhist philosophy declares the creative participation of humankind in the united world synergistic process and forms to be the foundation of an altruistically marked ecological ethics. Entirety and interdependence of onthological reality Global scales of crisis which destroyed our planet requires the united measures and efforts of East and West in formation of ecological ethics. " East and West — two parts of mankind’s consciousness. If a man realizes it he can become a perfect human being. And only after that he can solve those global problems of surviving, which mankind is facing now. (A. Govinda) The fundamental idea of all Buddhist philosophy is the inseparable unity of subject and object, man and nature, substance and mind. The Buddhists consider world and man as a dynamic psychophysical entirety. It’s character and direction which is called stream (santana) that makes a principle of absolute change (anytyata). Anityata is of a deep ecological importance. It raises a problem of uneternity of psychocosm’s spheres and admage of its being destroyed. According to Buddhist religious doctrine the category " anitya " must occupy a certain position in each analysis. Speaking of a statement it is important to take into consideration its change and movable character. Only stable and permanent efforts of all living beings make this world better and without this direction for making kindness our world can become worse and suffering permanent characteristics of sansara can acquire rude and vulgar forms. Besides simple constatation of change anityata says about non-reversibility of former conditions. It’s impossible to reverse one’s life. It’s impossible to return of the history of a country back as well as impossible to make the planet evolution come to beginning. The principle of emptyness ( shunyata ). Buddhism denyes the inherent existence of things and phenomena. If you take away the reasons and conditions of existense of something then it will disappear itself because it doesn’t have inherent existence.

The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth

The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth In Greek myth, there are many deities who specialize in different realms. According to Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound and Homer’s Iliad, Greek gods do not only have power, but also have interactions with humans. Most of Greek deities make themselves or their intent known to humans through direct communication and indirect punishment. Zeus punishes Prometheus, the creator and protector of the mortals, for stealing fire from the gods and giving it to the human beings. Zeus, the king of the Gods, rules the world by his own laws.Although Prometheus is one of the most intelligent Titans and takes Zeus’s side in the Titanomachy, he cannot avoid being punished for the violation of Zeus’s will. After Zeus wins the war against the Titans, he plans to destroy humans completely and create another race (Aesch. Pro. 229-237). Since Prometheus opposes Zeus and shows excessive stubbornness and pride, Zeus demands that his servants, Stren gth and Violence, chain Prometheus to a mountain to show his power. Gods also communicate with human beings. For example, in Iliad, Athena comes down and tries to make peace between Agamemnon and Achilles.During the war between the Achaeans and Trojans, Achilles, one of the Achaean’s most important warriors, is angry with the commander Agamemnon for taking away his reward, Briseis, and stops fighting for the Achaeans. Athena hates the Trojans, so she talks with Achilles to convince him to stop fighting with Agamemnon and join the battle (Hom. Il. 1. 241-251). In addition, Athena gives the Achaean hero Diomedes incredible strength and the ability to see the gods so that Diomedes can be more powerful in the war (Hom. Il. 5. 1-3).She also encourages Diomedes and warns him not to challenge the gods except Aphrodite (Hom. Il. 5. 136-137). Although the Greek gods communicate with humans and help them in some ways, they are actually not morally upright. Most of time, they make decis ions based on their own interests. Almost all the Greek gods are involved in the outcome of Trojan War, which was originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera and Aphrodite. Zeus promises to help the Trojans not out of any profound moral consideration but rather because he owes Achilles’s mother Thetis a favor (Hom.Il. 1. 600-609). Hera and Athena passionately hate the Trojans, so they work together to help the Achaeans recover from their retreat. Hera even seduces Zeus so that she can help the Achaeans behind his back (Hom. Il. 14. 283-289). In addition, the River Xanthus is very angry when Achilles kills so many Trojans, whose corpses are choking him. But in the fight between Xanthus and Achilles, Poseidon, the god of sea, comes to help Achilles because he holds a grudge against the Trojans, who never paid him back for helping them build their city.Because of the Greek gods’ involvement in the Trojan War, it becomes quite chaotic. None of them are imp artial or fair to both sides of the war. They are very emotional and always try to fight against the people they hate. The same type of behavior occurs in Prometheus Bound. Zeus has no pity or concern for others. He sent eagles to attack Prometheus repeatedly (Aesch. Pro. 1022-1025). Still, he decides to free Prometheus finally because Prometheus agrees to offer him an oracle. Therefore, the Greek gods are selfish and do not obey a moral code at all.Zeus is not morally upright; however, as the king of the Olympian gods, he plays an important role in both divine and human interactions. The main theme of Homer’s Iliad is the wrath of Achilles. Though Achilles refuses to fight against the Trojans because of Agamemnon’s disrespect, he returns to the battle finally. This largely depends on Zeus, who is one of the moderators in this story. He agrees to punish the Achaeans when Achilles’s mother Thetis asks him to do so, which abates Achilles’s rage. In most par ts of the story, Zeus stays impartial and keeps other gods from intervening in the war.In addition, Zeus, as the symbol of authority and justice, never comes down onto the battlefield to interfere with the mortal conflicts, in contrast to the rest of the gods who fight for what they favor. For instance, Apollo and Artemis, who support the Trojans in the war, often give aid to the city of Troy. Zeus acts as a balance through the entire war. Since he is subordinate to Fates, he keeps the gods in order and prevents them from violating the Fates. Zeus allows some gods to go to the battlefield after Apollo joins the battle because he doesn’t want the Achaeans to win earlier than they are supposed to.Throughout the Trojan War, Zeus is the director who keeps the war move along the right track. He mostly remains neutral and plays a vital role in the divine and human interactions. The divine interactions between Zeus and other gods are related to human affairs. These connections can b e found in the relationship between king and subjects, male and female. All the Greek deities need to obey Zeus’s rules because he is the king of the gods, a powerful tyrant. However, Prometheus is an exception. He gives fire to mankind and is so stubborn that he refuses to make peace with Zeus (Aesch.Pro. 167-175). As a result, he is chained to a mountain, where other gods can see how humiliating he is. Agamemnon, the leader of the Achaean army is also selfish and arrogant, which is the same as Zeus. When one of his valuable warriors Achilles challenges his leadership, Agamemnon is so angry that he takes away Achilles’s reward (Hom. Il. 1. 378-382). So it is obvious that no matter in the Greek mythology or real world, the king always is endowed with power that he can control his territory and get whatever he wants.But there is a little different in the standing of male and female. Unlike ordinary women, the Greek female deities do have some power; for instance, Hera i s the goddess of marriage and women fertility; Aphrodite is the goddess of sexual attraction. While in mankind, Homer describes women as useless containers. Since they only consume food and do not produce, they are inferior and not able to speak their wills or make any decisions. In Iliad, Chryseis and Briseis, a pair of beautiful maidens is honored to Agamemnon and Achilles separately.When Chryseis’s father tries his best to get his daughter back, Agamemnon replaces Chryseis with Achilles’s lover Briseis. Chryseis and Briseis are treated as objects. Homer does not mention any of their words in the book because no one cares how they actually feel except their parents. Overall, the similarities between divine interactions and human affairs are that the kings are always powerful and the female is subservient to the male. Though Iliad is a story about ancient heroes, gods and goddesses, it does reflect the values and conditions of Greek society at that time.Iliad was writ ten around eighth century BC, the Archaic Period in Greek history. The main transition is the rise of polis and colonization in Greek society. In the book, all the gods are leaded by Zeus and obey his rules, which reflects that each polis has its own ruler who is not morally upright and tends to set up dictatorships, raise armies and attack other polies to expand his influence. Additionally, the human relationships are not well if we consider the relationship between Zeus and Hera. In the Trojan War, Hera absolutely backs up the Achaeans.So when Thetis asks Zeus to help the Trojans, he is hesitated; however, he finally agrees because he owes her (Hom. Il. 1. 619-635). Hera hears that and asks Zeus what’s his plan, but Zeus replies that she will be the first to know whatever is right for her (Hom. Il. 1. 644-660). So Hera is very angry and decides to seduce Zeus in order to help the Achaeans behind his back. From the myth, we can find that there is hardly any trust or promise between husband and wife. So it’s possible that husband and wife in real Greek family may cheat each other for different reasons.Furthermore, Zeus promises Thetis that he will give Achilles more glories, which reflects that honor can be one of the most important subjects during that time. People want glory so that they can be powerful in the society. In conclusion, the Greek gods always have power in different areas, but they still are not as powerful as Zeus who rules the world. They use different ways to show their power to the human beings, such as communication and punishment. However, these Greek gods including Zeus are not morally upright. They act on their own selfish purposes and sometimes cheat each other to get what they want.As the king of the gods, Zeus is crucial in the human and divine interactions. He can control the war and make those who challenge his authority like Prometheus to suffer. The depiction of the gods and divine interactions actually provides a re alistic view of human conditions. The rise of polis and colonization are the important themes in the Archaic Period. The king of the polis always has strong power and makes decisions based on his will. The warriors and leaders are usually male because women are considered to be useless and inferior, which is a little contrast to the Greek myth. The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth The Roles of the Gods in Greek Myth In Greek myth, there are many deities who specialize in different realms. According to Aeschylus’s Prometheus Bound and Homer’s Iliad, Greek gods do not only have power, but also have interactions with humans. Most of Greek deities make themselves or their intent known to humans through direct communication and indirect punishment. Zeus punishes Prometheus, the creator and protector of the mortals, for stealing fire from the gods and giving it to the human beings. Zeus, the king of the Gods, rules the world by his own laws.Although Prometheus is one of the most intelligent Titans and takes Zeus’s side in the Titanomachy, he cannot avoid being punished for the violation of Zeus’s will. After Zeus wins the war against the Titans, he plans to destroy humans completely and create another race (Aesch. Pro. 229-237). Since Prometheus opposes Zeus and shows excessive stubbornness and pride, Zeus demands that his servants, Stren gth and Violence, chain Prometheus to a mountain to show his power. Gods also communicate with human beings. For example, in Iliad, Athena comes down and tries to make peace between Agamemnon and Achilles.During the war between the Achaeans and Trojans, Achilles, one of the Achaean’s most important warriors, is angry with the commander Agamemnon for taking away his reward, Briseis, and stops fighting for the Achaeans. Athena hates the Trojans, so she talks with Achilles to convince him to stop fighting with Agamemnon and join the battle (Hom. Il. 1. 241-251). In addition, Athena gives the Achaean hero Diomedes incredible strength and the ability to see the gods so that Diomedes can be more powerful in the war (Hom. Il. 5. 1-3).She also encourages Diomedes and warns him not to challenge the gods except Aphrodite (Hom. Il. 5. 136-137). Although the Greek gods communicate with humans and help them in some ways, they are actually not morally upright. Most of time, they make decis ions based on their own interests. Almost all the Greek gods are involved in the outcome of Trojan War, which was originated from a quarrel between the goddesses Athena, Hera and Aphrodite. Zeus promises to help the Trojans not out of any profound moral consideration but rather because he owes Achilles’s mother Thetis a favor (Hom.Il. 1. 600-609). Hera and Athena passionately hate the Trojans, so they work together to help the Achaeans recover from their retreat. Hera even seduces Zeus so that she can help the Achaeans behind his back (Hom. Il. 14. 283-289). In addition, the River Xanthus is very angry when Achilles kills so many Trojans, whose corpses are choking him. But in the fight between Xanthus and Achilles, Poseidon, the god of sea, comes to help Achilles because he holds a grudge against the Trojans, who never paid him back for helping them build their city.Because of the Greek gods’ involvement in the Trojan War, it becomes quite chaotic. None of them are imp artial or fair to both sides of the war. They are very emotional and always try to fight against the people they hate. The same type of behavior occurs in Prometheus Bound. Zeus has no pity or concern for others. He sent eagles to attack Prometheus repeatedly (Aesch. Pro. 1022-1025). Still, he decides to free Prometheus finally because Prometheus agrees to offer him an oracle. Therefore, the Greek gods are selfish and do not obey a moral code at all.Zeus is not morally upright; however, as the king of the Olympian gods, he plays an important role in both divine and human interactions. The main theme of Homer’s Iliad is the wrath of Achilles. Though Achilles refuses to fight against the Trojans because of Agamemnon’s disrespect, he returns to the battle finally. This largely depends on Zeus, who is one of the moderators in this story. He agrees to punish the Achaeans when Achilles’s mother Thetis asks him to do so, which abates Achilles’s rage. In most par ts of the story, Zeus stays impartial and keeps other gods from intervening in the war.In addition, Zeus, as the symbol of authority and justice, never comes down onto the battlefield to interfere with the mortal conflicts, in contrast to the rest of the gods who fight for what they favor. For instance, Apollo and Artemis, who support the Trojans in the war, often give aid to the city of Troy. Zeus acts as a balance through the entire war. Since he is subordinate to Fates, he keeps the gods in order and prevents them from violating the Fates. Zeus allows some gods to go to the battlefield after Apollo joins the battle because he doesn’t want the Achaeans to win earlier than they are supposed to.Throughout the Trojan War, Zeus is the director who keeps the war move along the right track. He mostly remains neutral and plays a vital role in the divine and human interactions. The divine interactions between Zeus and other gods are related to human affairs. These connections can b e found in the relationship between king and subjects, male and female. All the Greek deities need to obey Zeus’s rules because he is the king of the gods, a powerful tyrant. However, Prometheus is an exception. He gives fire to mankind and is so stubborn that he refuses to make peace with Zeus (Aesch.Pro. 167-175). As a result, he is chained to a mountain, where other gods can see how humiliating he is. Agamemnon, the leader of the Achaean army is also selfish and arrogant, which is the same as Zeus. When one of his valuable warriors Achilles challenges his leadership, Agamemnon is so angry that he takes away Achilles’s reward (Hom. Il. 1. 378-382). So it is obvious that no matter in the Greek mythology or real world, the king always is endowed with power that he can control his territory and get whatever he wants.But there is a little different in the standing of male and female. Unlike ordinary women, the Greek female deities do have some power; for instance, Hera i s the goddess of marriage and women fertility; Aphrodite is the goddess of sexual attraction. While in mankind, Homer describes women as useless containers. Since they only consume food and do not produce, they are inferior and not able to speak their wills or make any decisions. In Iliad, Chryseis and Briseis, a pair of beautiful maidens is honored to Agamemnon and Achilles separately.When Chryseis’s father tries his best to get his daughter back, Agamemnon replaces Chryseis with Achilles’s lover Briseis. Chryseis and Briseis are treated as objects. Homer does not mention any of their words in the book because no one cares how they actually feel except their parents. Overall, the similarities between divine interactions and human affairs are that the kings are always powerful and the female is subservient to the male. Though Iliad is a story about ancient heroes, gods and goddesses, it does reflect the values and conditions of Greek society at that time.Iliad was writ ten around eighth century BC, the Archaic Period in Greek history. The main transition is the rise of polis and colonization in Greek society. In the book, all the gods are leaded by Zeus and obey his rules, which reflects that each polis has its own ruler who is not morally upright and tends to set up dictatorships, raise armies and attack other polies to expand his influence. Additionally, the human relationships are not well if we consider the relationship between Zeus and Hera. In the Trojan War, Hera absolutely backs up the Achaeans.So when Thetis asks Zeus to help the Trojans, he is hesitated; however, he finally agrees because he owes her (Hom. Il. 1. 619-635). Hera hears that and asks Zeus what’s his plan, but Zeus replies that she will be the first to know whatever is right for her (Hom. Il. 1. 644-660). So Hera is very angry and decides to seduce Zeus in order to help the Achaeans behind his back. From the myth, we can find that there is hardly any trust or promise between husband and wife. So it’s possible that husband and wife in real Greek family may cheat each other for different reasons.Furthermore, Zeus promises Thetis that he will give Achilles more glories, which reflects that honor can be one of the most important subjects during that time. People want glory so that they can be powerful in the society. In conclusion, the Greek gods always have power in different areas, but they still are not as powerful as Zeus who rules the world. They use different ways to show their power to the human beings, such as communication and punishment. However, these Greek gods including Zeus are not morally upright. They act on their own selfish purposes and sometimes cheat each other to get what they want.As the king of the gods, Zeus is crucial in the human and divine interactions. He can control the war and make those who challenge his authority like Prometheus to suffer. The depiction of the gods and divine interactions actually provides a re alistic view of human conditions. The rise of polis and colonization are the important themes in the Archaic Period. The king of the polis always has strong power and makes decisions based on his will. The warriors and leaders are usually male because women are considered to be useless and inferior, which is a little contrast to the Greek myth.

Least, Less, More, and Most

Least, Less, More, and Most â€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most† â€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most† By Mark Nichol The adjectives least, less, more, and most present difficulties for writers when the words are paired with other adjectives: Should hyphens be employed? And what about when little, much, and similar terms are involved? Generally, do not hyphenate such constructions. The following examples are all correct: â€Å"She bought the least expensive shampoo.† â€Å"I’ve never heard a less interesting story.† â€Å"That wasn’t the most regrettable part.† â€Å"We have a more likely explanation.† But use these words cautiously in such sentences. For example, â€Å"He made several more successful efforts† is ambiguous: Does it mean that the person added a few successful efforts to his record of previous successful ones, or that the person’s efforts were more successful than previous ones? Some writers choose to hyphenate â€Å"more successful† when appropriate in such a context, but such a strategy leads to inconsistency when the hyphen is omitted in a similar but unambiguous statement. â€Å"He made several additional successful efforts† or â€Å"He made several efforts that were more successful,† respectively, clarifies the writer’s intent without making exceptions. Very is another problematic term. Most writers likely consider it obvious that no hyphen belongs in â€Å"John held up a very full bucket,† but very stands alone even when it modifies a hyphenated phrasal adjective, as in â€Å"They chose three very well-liked students.† But compare these conventions with the custom for such words as little, much, seldom, and often. These words, all of which except often can be adjectives or adverbs, serve the latter function when they precede an adjective and a noun and in this case, they require a hyphen. (That’s counterintuitive, because adjectives are often hyphenated to a following word, while adverbs rarely are.) Here are some examples: â€Å"Mary spoke about a little-understood aspect of the animal’s behavior.† â€Å"He explained a much-misunderstood phenomenon.† â€Å"The seldom-seen plant is found in only one place.† â€Å"The project was plagued by interventions with often-inconclusive results.† (As with phrasal adjectives, these word pairs are not hyphenated after the noun. For example, â€Å"Mary spoke about an aspect of the animal’s behavior that is little understood.†) Note this exception: â€Å"The somewhat subjective report omitted some important details.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in S41 Words That Are Better Than GoodWhat Is a Doctor?

Must-Know Tennis Terms in French

Must-Know Tennis Terms in French Whether you love playing tennis or watching the major international tournaments, you need to know tennis terminology  to fully appreciate the games. Why in French? Well, if youre witnessing the prestigious French Open,  created in 1891 and now  held annually  over late May and early June at the Stade Roland-Garros in Paris, you wont miss a play or aside if you understand the players and commentators. Or maybe you want to read tennis analysis in a major French publication. If you know the lingo, you win again. The French Open and the Grand Slam Where does the French Open fit into the scheme of major international tournaments? Most importantly, its the  second major  tennis tournament comprising the global Grand Chelem (Grand Slam)  each year; the other three, in chronological order, are the  Australian Open, the  U.S. Open,  and  Wimbledon.  The  Grand Slam  tournaments, called  majors, are the worlds four most important tennis  events, each held over two grueling weeks and each offering the most prize money, attention, ranking points, and more. Tennis Singles Stars As of 2017, the winningest mens Grand Slam player of all time is Roger Federer of Switzerland who has won 19 majors: the Australian Open five times, the French Open once, Wimbledon eight times, and the US Open five times. Spains Rafael Nadal comes in second with 15 title wins, and American Pete Sampras is third with 14. Australian Margaret Court, now in her 70s, still holds the distinction of the most majors singles titles with 24: 11 wins at Australian Opens, five at the French Open, three at Wimbledon, and five at the US Open. American Serena Williams follows at 23. Steffi  Graf  of Germany  won 22 Grand Slam singles titles, and  in 1988, this phenomenal player  became the first and only tennis player (male or female) to achieve the  Golden Slam  by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year. She is also the only tennis player to have won each Grand Slam event at least four times. With records like this, its easy to see why tennis can be an exciting sport for both players and spectators. To understand the action, here, for your edification and enjoyment, are the top tennis terms in the French language. The World of Tennis, in French le tennis   tennis(le tournoi de) Roland-Garros, les Internationaux de France   French Open(le tournoi de tennis de) Wimbledon   Wimbledonun Grand Chelem a  Grand Slamsimple messieurs   mens singlessimple dames   womens singlesdouble messieurs   mens doublesdouble dames   womens doubles The People of Tennis   un arbitre a  refereeune invitation a  wild cardun joueur de tennis a  tennis playerun juge de ligne a  line judgele serveur the  serverle ramasseur de balles the  Ã‚  ball boyla tà ªte de sà ©rie the  seed, seeded playerla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro un the  top seed, number one seedla tà ªte de sà ©rie numà ©ro deux the  number two seed Tennis Courts and Equipment la balle de tennis the  tennis ballle carrà © de service the  service boxle choix de cà ´tà ©s the  choice of sidesle choix de service  Ã‚  the choice of servicele couloir  Ã‚  the alley, the tramlinesle court the  courtun court de terre battue a  clay courtun court en dur   a hard courtun court en gazon a  grass courtle filet the  netla ligne de fond the  baselinela ligne de service the  service linela raquette the tennis racket Tennis Serves and Shots un ace an  aceun amorti a  drop shotla balle de service a  service ballun coup a  strokele coup droit the  forehandla deuxià ¨me balle the  second serveune double faute a  double faultun effet a  spinune faute a  fault, error, outun let a  letle lift a  topspinun lob a  lobun revers a  backhandun revers deux mains a  two-handed backhandle service the  serve,  serviceun  slice a  sliceun smash a  smashune volà ©e a  volley Tennis Scoring rien, zà ©ro   lovequinze   fifteentrente   thirtyquarante   fortyA / quinze A   all / fifteen allpartout / quinze partout   all / fifteen allà ©galità ©   deuceavantage service   ad-in, advantage inavantage dehors   ad-out, advantage outla balle de break   break pointla balle de jeu   game pointla balle de match   match pointla balle de set   set pointune dà ©cision   callle jeu   gameun jeu dà ©cisif   tie-breakerjeu, set, match   game, set, matchle match the  matchout   outle set, la manche   setsur la ligne   on the line The Action donner de leffet ( une balle)   to put spin (on a ball)à ªtre au service   to have the service, to be servingfrapper   to hitjouer   to playprendre le service de quelquun   to break someones serveservir   to servetenir le score   to keep the score

Sustainable Development and Underlying Contradictions Essay

Sustainable Development and Underlying Contradictions - Essay Example As Pless, Thomas & GÃ ¼nter, sustainable development commences at the time of producing the raw materials and here the farmers are the owners of the projects, which foster on sustainable development. The experts inform the farmers on the need and the importance of using the eco-friendly means to produce the raw materials with fewer impacts on the lives of the people. After this consideration, the sustainability strikes up to the industrial handling of the products (Pless, Thomas & GÃ ¼nter 2012, p 902). The products before they are processed or even after should not be contaminated in the process of manufacturing it. The sustainable means of production in the industries should be fully incorporated into the production of the products (Monsanto Case Study, 12).Though at the point of production, the company should try all its best to be efficient in the production, but should also consider the effects of the production on the lives of the people and the entire environment. The supply of the products should be environmentally and socially friendly in the sense that the process of supplying the products should be free from any form of pollutant or contaminate the products in the course of transporting the products to the consumers (Taman 2014, p 15). The consumption methods of the consumers are also of great implications to the achievement of objective; sustainability. When given mode of consumption contributes to the contamination of the environment (Monsanto Case Study, 23).

Research essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research - Essay Example Indeed, the humors lie in the verbal ironies in the story. At the very beginning of the story, the readers learn about the revenge motif of Montressor (Silverman 312). So, when, in the story, they come across the verbal ironies in Montressor’s narration, they rather become aware of the follies, simplicity and hubris, of Fortunato, which inevitably push him towards the horrible death. Also the humors in the story are endowed with a two-fold meaning. On one hand, they provide brutal pleasure to Montressor; on the other hand, they reveal Fortunato’s follies and hubris. Montressor exhibits a black sense of humor. In the very beginning of the story, Montressor describes Fortunato in a jester’s outfit. He describes Fortunato as following: â€Å"[In] one evening during the supreme madness of the carnival season, that I encountered my friend†¦.The man wore motley† (Poe pars.2). In that carnival evening, Fortunato wear a â€Å"tight-fitting parti-striped dres s† (Poe pars.2). He also wears a â€Å"canonical cap and bells† (Poe pars.3). ... But when Montressor vows that â€Å"I must not only punish but punish with impunity. A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong† (Poe pars.3), Fortunato’s jester-like clothing and hubris make him more vulnerable and pathetic. Another humor occurs around the middle of the story. When Montressor and Fortunato enter into the cavern, he (Fortunato) begins to cough. In order to hide his intention, Montressor tries to persuade Fortunato to go back: â€Å"We will go back; your health is precious. You are rich, respected, admired, beloved; you are happy, as once I was. You are a man to be missed. For me it is no matter. We will go back† (Poe pars.6). In reply, Fortunato says, â€Å"Enough†¦the cough's a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough.† (Poe pars.8) Here though his reply evokes laughter, it, at the sam e time, warns the readers about his helplessness in the face of Montressor conspiracy. Fortunato, a helpless drunkard who does not know the least of Montressor’s revenge, expresses habitual hubris that he will not die of coughing. This scene makes Montressor more pernicious and venomous, whereas this same reply exposes Fortunato more as a helpless man who simply believes Montressor and who is going to face his death soon (Silverman 312). At the second reading of the story, the perception that Fortunato is going to be buried alive behind the vault wall reveals the darkness and blackness of Montressor’s sense of humor. The blackest humorous scene occurs around the end of the story. Here, Fortunato starts to laugh after

Drugs And Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Drugs And Society - Assignment Example The paper gives an in-depth analysis of the areas stated above. Drug abuse is a complex disorder that is characterized by a compulsive need for drugs and alcohol even if it has negative effects. Antecedents can be defined as the factors that encourage an individual to engage in drug abuse. Some individuals use drugs to escape emotional stress or physical pain (NIDA, 2010). Risk of addiction is affected by many aspects including age or stage of development, sociological and biological factors. These factors increase an individual’s vulnerability to drug abuse. The biological factors are dictated upon by the genetic make up of an individual together with the environmental influences. NIDA (2010) stipulates that these factors account for fifty percent of vulnerability among individuals. Additional factors that fall under this category include ethnicity and gender as they may influence the risk for drug use and addiction. The environment has an impact on an individual since it affects the quality of life and the socioeconomic status (NIDA, 2010). Factors including peer pressure, stress, physical and social abuse and parental involvement affect a persons way of life making them more vulnerable to drug abuse. The environmental and genetic factors interact with developmental stages in a person’s life to affect the level of vulnerability. It is observed that if an individual starts using drugs at an early age, they are likely to advance to higher levels of addiction. Drug abuse in the adolescent years is quite dangerous since important development of the brain takes place at this stage. This affects their self control, decision making and judgment. Drug abuse affects society in multiple ways, the health and social costs associated with illicit use are staggering. The nation spends approximately $69.9 billion annually on health complications caused by

Adrenaline Essay Example for Free

Adrenaline Essay Most of us, at some point, have been excited or thrilled as a form of entertainment. Whether it is a roller coaster at an amusement park or a scary movie, some results from this form of exciting entertainment may include tense muscles, increase in heart rate, increase in blood pressure, or excessive perspiration. Such physical effects are caused by Adrenaline. Adrenaline is a hormone that is released from a person’s adrenal medulla during emergency situations but does not have psychoactive effects. It is released into the person’s body from the adrenal glands located above the kidney. It is commonly referred to as a â€Å"fight-or-flight† hormone, because of its effects in increasing the supply of glucose and oxygen directed at a person’s brain and involuntary muscles. This allows the person to have better physical abilities to utilise during an emergency. Adrenaline is also known as epinephrine. Adrenaline is derived from the Latin roots ad, meaning towards and renes, meaning kidneys. Epinephrine originated from the Greek roots epi, meaning on, and nephros, meaning kidneys. This is in reference to the physical location of the adrenal glands in a person’s body, atop the kidneys. Norepinephrine or noradrenaline is another hormone released from the adrenal glands. It is very closely, chemically related to adrenaline, as well as having similar effects on the human body. However, a significant difference between the two hormones is that adrenaline has no psychoactive effects, while noradrenaline does, affecting the person’s mental processes. The effects of adrenaline released with into the bloodstream include the stimulation of involuntary muscles, rising blood pressure, conversion of glycogen, a form of stored body fuel, inside the liver into glucose, heart rate increase, the dilation of the bronchioles, the fine, thin-walled, tubular extensions of the bronchus, in the lungs, increased breathing rate, increased metabolic rate, and decreased digestive and kidney activity. The release of adrenaline into a person’s blood stream can be seen as the changing of a gear in a manual car. The release of adrenaline allows a person’s body to be able to have better physical performance in the event of an emergency, while the changing of a gear in a manual car allows the car to have better performance and be able to reach higher speeds than at the lower gear. The diagram included shows the cross-sectioned view of adrenal gland. It identifies both the outer layer, known as the cortex, and the inner area, known as the medulla. The adrenaline is secreted from the inner area. Below it, the location of the adrenal gland is shown in relation to the kidney inside a human body. As indicated, it is located above the kidney. In terms of my art practice, my adrenaline is often released while I am working. For example, while completely three-dimensional projects in the workshops, the power tools and other machines make me very nervous while using them. As a result, my adrenal glands release adrenaline, making my heart rate increase exponentially. In other cases, inspiration for art may also cause the release of adrenaline in my both. Similarly, when I use great emotion into my paintings. I am also excited to the point of adrenaline release.

Advantages of Business Strategies

Advantages of Business Strategies Strategy is the direction an scope of an organisation over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging business environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. Business strategy: Business strategy is the only driving force behind any successful business since it builds the foundation for the same. The business strategy is not just a statement of intent or a mere speech. Their scope is not just limited to the management. There are different strategies as per the business and the best one among them must be chosen which can fulfil the needs of the organisation and emends of a rapidly changing world for revolutionary business strategies. It must also be able to handle the internal pressure of the organisation when the plan is being executed. How can the business perform better than the competition in those markets? (Advantage) What external, environmental factors affect the businesses ability to compete? (Environment) Where is the business trying to get to in the long-term (direction?) What resources (skills, assets, finance, relationships, technical competence, and facilities) are required in order to be able to compete? (Resources) Which markets should a business compete in and what kind of activities is involved in such markets? (Markets; scope) Strategy at Different Levels of a Business? What are the values and expectations of those who have power in and around the business? (Stakeholders) Definition of business environment: Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. http://tutor2u.net/business/strategy/what_is_strategy.htm Why study the business environment: In each and every organisation there is some relation with business environment, each and every type of business is surrounded with environment directly or indirectly. Business environment is surrounding with its customers and stakeholders and it have of political as well as legal forces this all together makes business environment, in order to achieve profit and also to fulfil the stakeholder expectation a business has to change its environment as per market need. The organisation which understood the business environment and make necessary changes according to the environment succeed in business in terms of profit and needs of stake holders. On the hand the business which does not changes according to the environment leads to failure of the business, so for each and every organisation business environment, Is really important. Different level of business strategy: In each and every organisation strategy is used at different levels of company among them the following is the modern levels strategy is being employed by organisatation. Corporate strategy: This strategy is considered and completely influence by stakeholder needs. At this level fundamental decision about future direction of an organisation with the purpose to fulfil the needs of stakeholders at this level strategy is done by considering the stakeholders because they are the only one who invest in the organisation so the corporate strategy is or related stakeholder expectations Business unit strategy: This levels of strategy is completely focused on how a business competes in a particular targeted market, it concerns strategic decision in relation to product, meeting needs of the customers , taking benefit over competitor and employing strategy related to business operation and creating new opportunities for business. This is the only level which directly influences with the customers in respect to corporate strategy. Operational strategy: This level f organisation is concerned with how every part of the business is organized to fulfil the needs of corporate and business unit level strategy direction. Its major focuses on the issues related to recourses and processes. this level is also employing strategy related to people and surrounding of business. Key elements of marketing strategic decision Main body: In each and every organisation Business environment have existence by knowingly or unknowingly because it cannot exist without an environment. The process of strategy management is basically divided into two major environment and they are Microenvironment and Macro-environment. In the challenging business environment this are two main aspect that influences each and every businesses which are also known as inner environment (micro environment) which have direct effect or relation with the business for example: customer. And outer environments (macro environment) which have indirect effect on the business for example: political factor. There is an very clear indication that influences of environment or speeding up in the market so the organisation have to take it seriously consideration as the company who had taken its seriously had succeeded in the market and the organisation ignored its had failed in the market, both the major type and its factor of influences are briefly described as under. Macro environment (Outer environment): The political environment: Politicians have instrumental in shaping general nature of external environment and being responsible for the legalization of rules and regulation that affects specific type of organisation, at very general level the stability of political system affects the business and strategy so the organisation has to change its strategy according to the legal matters otherwise it can indirectly affects the business and its activities The social and culture environment: The organisation is also being affected by its social and culture environment as the generation are also changing so the business environment has to be change according to the changing social needs, it is crucial for the business to fully appreciate the culture values of the society because if a business is doing its business in another country which is quite different from its own than there the attitude towards the product is different as compare to its own country, so for an organisation it is really important to consider the social and culture environment of the country where its doing business. The demographic environment: As population is growing day by day the size and the age is also going so in respect to this demographic environment changes the organisation has to change its strategy towards the stocks and prediction of the market because most organisation are dealing with the product which they have to keep ready in advance by predicting the future of sales The technology environment: As this is new era of business so the organisation have to overcome with new and latest technology because in this environment as technology is outdated the product is out of the market, so the organisation has update its technology within a time period, because once thrown out of the market and to get again the same position in the market it take a long time so this environments is really important and being speedily changes. Economic: Business and Economy are highly inter related. Businesses cannot be successful in an economy on decline and if businesses are not doing well it is highly unlikely for the economy to boom. For ex Lehman brothers, this was the fast company to get doomed because of economic crisis. Legal: Legality means doing whatever the law permits. Same applies for business also. Business strategies and operations are permissible as long as they are legal. Business needs to function within the legislative limits. Business not only needs to comply with the existing legislations but also the changes in them. (strategy management peter Fitzroy/James Hulbert) Micro environment (Inner environment) Employees: In running each and every organisation employees are must to carry out day to day business activities and they are the one who deals with other parties of the business on behalf of the business as they are having direct effect to the business they falls under microenvironment Customers: Customer are a crucial part of an organisation in microenvironment its really simple no customer means no business. An organisation should be seriously consider about the changing requirement of the customer, because in challenging business environment everybody are targeting the customer so this factor of micro environment is really important for each and every organisation Supplier: The supplier provides an organisation with goods and services than is being transformed by the organisation and by adding value to it than further sold to its customer this factor of microenvironment is also important because if there is not proper supply and there is no product and in challenging business environment the product service should be fast as well as quick Competitor: In challenging business environment there is high rate of competition in the market so its very important to keep updating the strategy of the competitor and try to understand their strategy like their future moves their future product this is also an important microenvironment in such a challenging business environment. Financial organization: This financial environment is consist of both shareholder and the investor which support the organisation and they are timely being reassured about the achievement of goals both short and long term because if they dont trust the company than they might take their investment back from the organisation and which effects the a lot to the business. The government: The demands of government agencies are also consider of microenvironment commercial organisation provides government with taxation and revenue so the organisation has to in touch with the government policy in relation to their tax and regulation and can make their strategy according to the changes of the regulation so the organisation has to take careful consideration of this environment also Internal environment: Internal environment is very important part of any business environment and include finance, marketing, production, personnel and RD. These elements are considered to be within the organisation. The most important job of an internal environment is developing strategies for an organisation management process. Is also focuses on the point that the organisation should always have a well trained staff to do a right job at the right time since they are the biggest asset of any organisation and also they are directly related to most important thing of any business i.e. customers. It also focuses on the point that business strategies should always change with the changing need of the customers. Critical Evaluation SWOT ANAYSIS: How NOKIA uses SWOT analysis to determine internal factors and external factors. Strengths: (INTERNAL) The largest cell phone vendor by far, with almost doubles the market share of nearest competitor. The product being user friendly and have all the accessories one want that is why is in great demand making it No-1 selling mobile phones in the world. One of the top 20 brands in the world The re-sell value of Nokia phones are high compared to other companys product Weakness: (INTERNAL) The price of the mobile phones offered by the company. The service centers in India are very few as compared to the number of users and therefore after sales service are not good. Slow to adopt new ways of thinking . Opportunities: (EXTERNAL) Telecommunication growth in India being at the peak time, Nokia has an opportunity to increase its sales as well as the market share. Make a significant position in the cdma market. New growth markets where cell phone adoption still to come. Threats: (EXTERNAL) The threats like emerging of other big mobile companies such as Motorola, Sony Eriksson, etc in the market. The growing demand of WLL network Late in the entry of 3G market. How Acer uses Porters 5 Forces as an analytical tool to determine strategy and success over its competitors Threat of substitutes: Acer face that from rival dell who can provide the same goods and value and sell at a much lesser price, as there is a threat from consumer to switch to alternatives, this could force Acer to reduce its product price and income to struggle with other markers Bargaining power of suppliers: The exact for suppliers to retailers is that is they pay a helpful price for its supplies, and would not sell to retailers if the price quoted was not paid, then the suppliers would not sell its goods of them. Since Acer having a market share from other company as well as small shop keepers, has an advantage to dictate the price the suppliers will be paid for their goods, thus if supplier do not tend to decrease price, it is clear that they would be left with a smaller market share to sell their product. Power of consumers: Due to a large competition in the electronic market industry, it has forced markets to switch to low product cost in order to attract more buyers, thus more power favoritism the buyers, in order to achieve more customers and trade with struggle is more victorious to customer preservation, and has also led to increase in profits. And customer wants lower price and service, better choices. Threat to new entrants: Due to high market share of company like Acer, Dell, Sony which has to led to barriers for new markets to enter competition, since most of these markets lower prices of their goods in order to win a better client care, pays a much lesser which would buy less goods at a better rate. Thus Acer also has an upper hand on economies of scale How Mc Donalds uses PESTEL as a strategy to overcome challenges and gain advantages over its competitors. Political: All the international operations of Mc Donalds are as per the policies enforced by the individual governments. On the other hand, the company is controlled by the individual policies and regulations of operations. like any business venture, these McDonalds stores have to contend with the issues of employment procedures as well as their tax obligations so as to succeed in the foreign market. Economical: Food chains like Mc Donalds do have their individual concerns involving economic factors. Their Branches and franchises have the tendency to experience hardship in instances where the economy of the respective states is hit by inflation and changes in the exchange rates. Their problem depends on the response of the consumers on these fundamentals and how it could influence their general sales. Exchange rate fluctuations also play a significant role in the operations of the company. The companies also have to consider the economic standing of the state on which they operate on. Socio-Cultural: The organisation improves on establishing a positive mind-set from their core consumers. McDonalds indulge a particular variety of consumers with definite types of personalities. In 2005 McDonalds has launched a sensibly valued set of food that tenders a reliable level of quality for the respective market where it operates. Technical: McDonalds generates a demand for their own products. The companys key tool for marketing is by means of television advertisements. The companys marketing is also done through toys and play spots. The operations of McDonalds have significantly been infused with new technology. Elements like the inventory system and the management of the value chain of the company allows for easy payments for their suppliers. The integration of technology in the operations of McDonalds tend to add value to their products. Legal: The reputation of McDonalds is apparently a huge matter and with the opposition to the fast food industry Mc Donalds apply a more consideration on their corporate social responsibilities. The company has provided their customers the relevant data that they need with reference to the nutritional substances of their products. This is to attend to the arguments of obesity charged against the products of the company. Environment: Mc Donalds employ of non-biodegradable substances for their drinks glasses and Styrofoam coffers for the meals. The social responsibilities of McDonalds on the state are influential to the operations of the company. These entail accusations of environmental damage. (http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/02/pestle-analysis-of-mcdonalds.html) Ethics: Strategic management must also ensure ethical values i.e. personal values and fairness. Many of the organisations around the world are not following this and hence they have to face the problem in the future. A commitment to transparency is necessary with greater communication and sharing of information within the firm. Strategic management is also about meeting the share holders expectation and capturing the full potential of the firm. It also takes into consideration the future perspective of the strategy. It also includes an alternative if in case the plan does not work. In short Strategic management is not an easy task if properly implemented. .(strategy management peter Fitzroy/James Hulbert) STAKEHOLDERS AND ORGANIZATIONAL VALUE: 1. Shareholders: They are one of the important factors in micro-environment because they all the one who had given capital in the company so in order to make their expectation the stakeholders are being received by the short term and long term goal in challenging business environment they are one of the important factors of environment. Conclusion and Recommendation: A sound corporate strategy is the best way to ensure for the organization to create value for stakeholders and to unify the business activities to meet the organizational objective. Successful companies have gone through successive incremental strategic changes that were appropriate at the time. Thus it is imperative that trade-offs are essential to any successful strategic decisions. Most companies owe their success to the unique strategic position derived from strategic management of behavior, operation and critical rationally scanning of the business environment. It enables the company to take assessment of the current position, analyze and prepare for the future. Strategy provides a structure for decision making and enables organizations meet the requirement of the stakeholders by pattern of the available resources. Use of Strategic Analytical tools like few discussed above empower organizations to take picture of their current place and optimize their resources to achieve competitive position. Businesses cannot afford to overlook their environment. All its income, opportunities, perspective, problems are factors of its environment. Strategy cannot be formulated with taking into account environmental influences. positive monitoring of the environment and incorporating the environmental trends provides the frame for optimizing opportunities and configuration of resources to achieve the business objective. References: Richard lunch, corporate strategy4th edition, Pearson education ltd.Page no. 2-5. Peter Fitzry, strategy management, John wiley sons ltd. page no.40-50 http://ivythesis.typepad.com/term_paper_topics/2009/02/pestle-analysis-of-mcdonalds.html Adrian palmer Bob Hartley, The Business environment fifth edition, published by Mc-Graw-Hill Education. Johnson. G, Scholes. K, and Whittington. R. (2008).Exploring Corporate Strategy. 8th ed. London: Prentice Hall. pg7. Lynch, R. (2009), Strategic Management, 5th ed. London, FT Prentice Hall.